Summer Assignment - Honors Global History II. All assignments must be completyed and hnded in to yourhonors teacher on the first day of school
A HISTORY OF THE WORLD IN 6 GLASSES by Tom Standage (2005)
The particular book you have been assigned to read is one that provides an excellent and thought provoking look at world history through the humble beverage. What we drink is something most people take for granted, not giving their potables a second thought. As you will learn throughout this class; everything, from what we drink to the clothes we wear, from the technology we use; to the religion we practice; everything has an interrelated history.
Tom Standage starts with a bold hypothesis—that each epoch, from the Stone Age to the present, has had its signature beverage—and takes readers on an extraordinary trip through world history. The Economist'stechnology editor has the ability to connect the smallest detail to the big picture and a knack for summarizing vast concepts in a few sentences. He explains how, when humans shifted from hunting and gathering to farming, they saved surplus grain, which sometimes fermented into beer. The Greeks took grapes and made wine, later borrowed by the Romans and the Christians. Arabic scientists experimented with distillation and produced spirits, the ideal drink for long voyages of exploration. Coffee also spread quickly from Arabia to Europe, becoming the "intellectual counterpoint to the geographical expansion of the Age of Exploration." European coffee-houses, which functioned as "the Internet of the Age of Reason," facilitated scientific, financial and industrial cross-fertilization. In the British industrial revolution that followed, tea "was the lubricant that kept the factories running smoothly." Finally, the rise of American capitalism is mirrored in the history of Coca-Cola, which started as a more or less handmade medicinal drink but morphed into a mass-produced global commodity over the course of the 20th century. In and around these grand ideas, Standage tucks some wonderful tidbits—on the antibacterial qualities of tea, Mecca's coffee trials in 1511, Visigoth penalties for destroying vineyards—ending with a thought provoking proposal for the future of humanity. He suspects it may hinge on our ability to facilitate clean supplies of water to an ever expanding population.
Your history summer assignment is to read A History of the World in Six Glasses by Tom Standage. This 240-page book is available in multiple formats -- major bookstores, online booksellers, for the Kindle, iPad, and the Nook. This assignment will give you an overview of the time periods, regions, and cultural customs we cover in the honors course.
Disclaimer: The use of this book as a summer reading assignment in no way represents any endorsement by Brentwood High School of the use or misuse of any of these beverages, alcoholic, caffeinated, or otherwise. The book merely offers an innovative and interesting perspective to initiate our year-long discussion of world history.
Summaries: For each of the six beverages, and for the epilogue, write a ½ page summary of the author’s main points. Explain when, where, why and how that beverage became important and what effect it had on world history. Give specific examples of how the beverage affected history.
Reading Questions:
BEER
1. How is the discovery of beer linked to the growth of the first “civilizations”?
2. What does this history of beer in the ancient world tell us about the early civilizations?
3. What sources does the author use to gather his information on the use of beer?
4. What were some of the uses of beer by ancient cultures? Nourishment? Ritual? Religious?
5. How did beer “civilize” man, according to Standage?
6. What is the relationship between beer and writing, commerce, and health?
WINE
1. How did the use of wine differ from that of beer in ancient Greece and Rome?
2. How was wine used by the Greeks?
3. How and why did wine develop into a form of a status symbol in Greece?
4. How was wine consumed? What does this tell us about the ancient Greek culture?
5. How did the use of wine in Roman culture differ from that of ancient Greece?
6. What is the relationship between wine and empire, medicine, and religion.
SPIRITS
1. What is the origin of distilled spirits?
2. What is the connection between spirits and colonization?
3. How was the production of spirits connected to slavery?
4. What role did spirits play on the high seas?
5. In the 18th century, how did spirits help Britain have a more superior navy than
France?
6. Why were spirits an important staple in Colonial America?
7. How did rum play a role in the American Revolution?
8. What were the negative effects/uses of spirits? (Use entire chapter to answer this)
COFFEE
1. Who did Europeans get coffee from and how did it spread to Europe?
2. Why was it so important to Europe’s development that many people’s beverage of choice
switched from alcohol to coffee?
3. Describe coffee’s effect on the global balance of power (in terms of commerce).
4. How did coffee play a pivotal role in the scientific revolution? (give lots of detail)
5. How did coffee play a pivotal role in the French Revolution? (give lots of detail and go into
the Enlightenment)
TEA
1. When did tea first become a mainstream drink in Asia? In Europe?
2. How did the consumption of tea in Europe differ from how it was consumed in China or Japan?
3. If tea arrived in Europe around the same time as when coffee did, why did it not find the immediate success that coffee had?
4. How did tea transform English society? Who were its main consumers and what were some of the new rituals that surrounded tea?
5. How was tea an integral part of the Industrial Revolution?
6. What was the connection between tea and politics?
7. How was tea connected to the opium trade and the Opium War of 1839-1842?
8. What role did the tea trade and production play in the British rule over India?
COCA-COLA
1. What was the origin of coke?
2. How was this beverage used medicinally and what were the additives?
3. What was the relationship of coke and World War II?
4. How was coke thought of by the communist during the Cold War?
5. What is meant by “globalization in a bottle”?
6. How did Coca-Cola materialize into an American value? How did this help and hurt Coca-Cola? (and, in some ways, America itself?)
Epilogue-Water
1. Describe how the scientific advancements of the 19th century brought the history of beverages full circle.
2. Which water’s quality is more tightly controlled-tap or bottled?
3. How many people have no access to safe water today?
4. How has access to water affected international relations?
5. Will water be the most influential beverage in shaping the global situation of the next 100+ years? Why or why not?
The History of the World in Six Glasses: Map Activity*
You are going to create two dense/detailed maps, so be neat and tidy. Create a legend if you need to use symbols (highly recommended) for cities on the map. Use two maps —World Map for Chapters 5 and 6; Eurasia for all other chapters.
1. Chapters 1-4: Eurasia
a. Use yellow to shade the entire area that was touched by the use of beer & wine according to these chapters
b. Label any geographical reference for these chapters in RED INK. Cities, regions (Fertile Crescent), rivers, mountains, deserts, plateaus, seas, oceans. If it is a region you are identifying, use red diagonal lines to denote the region.
2. Chapters 5-6: World
a. Use a pale green to shade the entire area touched by distilled spirits according to these chapters.
b. Label any geographical reference for these chapters in GREEN INK. Cities, regions, rivers, mountains, deserts, plateaus, seas, oceans. If it is a region you are identifying, use red diagonal lines to denote the region.
c. Notate overlapping cities, cities that were important during the previous period, on the back of your map.
3. Chapters 7-8: Eurasia
a. Use a pale blue to shade the entire area touched by coffee according to these areas.
b. Label any geographical reference for these chapters in BLUE INK. Cities, regions, rivers, mountains, deserts, plateaus, seas, oceans. If it is a region you are identifying, use red diagonal lines to denote the region.
c. Notate overlapping cities, cities that were important during the previous period, on the back of your map.
4. Chapters 9-10: Eurasia
a. Use a light brown to shade the entire area touched by tea according to these areas.
b. Label any geographical reference for these chapters in BLACK INK. Cities, regions, rivers, mountains, deserts, plateaus, seas, oceans. If it is a region you are identifying, use red diagonal lines to denote the region.
c. Notate overlapping cities, cities that were important during the previous period, on the back of your map.
The History of the World in Six Glasses: Project
Due the first day of school -
Choose One
There are five key themes that emerge for each drink. You will be asked to identify how each of these themes emerged for these six beverages. This is up to you how you want to present these five themes for each libation. Be as creative as you wish. You may choose a journal or timeline format.
Five Themes:
1. Food and Nutrition
2. Medicine
3. Currency
4. Social Class and Status, and
5. How This Drink Led to Change.
Below are the topics you would want to write about. This should be no more than 1 dense page for each beverage.
• How does the story of each glass open up your understanding of world history and trade?
• How did it benefit and or hurt both producer and consumer?
• What did you learn about geography and resources as you studied these different beverages in the different regions?
• What did you learn about class and social structure as well as religion in studying beverages (and/or food)?
• How do these new drinks become accepted in part through their supposed medicinal value?
Here is an example of how these ideas might be specified for the first drink -- beer:
· Why was beer considered nutritious?
· How was it used as medicine?
· How did beer determine social class status?
· How was it used as money?
· How did beer change society?
Choice 1: Illustrated Journals
Divide the journal into sections and write/draw/collage/cartoon what you learned based on these five themes for each of these six beverages.
Choice 2: Timeline:
Create a timeline of history including each “glass/beverage.” Your timeline should include at least two regions of the world affected by your “glass/beverage” and five dates with facts for each “glass/beverage” for a total of at least thirty dates and facts on the timeline. It should be illustrated appropriately and dense with detail.
